FreeBSD is a Unix-like free operating system. You can install to choose third party software on FreeBSD from the Ports Collection. Many services such as POP3 server daemons, IMAP, etc. could be started using the inetd. However, networking can be stop or started using special script located in /etc/rc.d/ directory. This directory includes script to [...]

FreeBSD comes with different utilities, which can be use to gathered the information as per your needs. uname command is use to print system information. dmesg command is use to print kernel ring buffer information. sysctl command is use to configure kernel parameters at runtime as well as to read hardware information. Following list summaries, [...]

FreeBSD init works different ways. In BSD style, it specifies the kernel security level as follows: -1: Permanently insecure mode. 0: Insecure mode 1: Secure mode 2: Highly secure mode 3: Network secure mode You can get current security level (FreeBSD runlevel) using sysctl command: # sysctl –a | grep kern.securelevel You can setup new [...]

This is new nifty and long term demanded feature in FreeBSD. A port called portaudit provides a system to check if installed ports are listed in a database of published security vulnerabilities. After installation it will update this security database automatically and include its reports in the output of the daily security run. If you [...]

The kldconfig utility displays or modifies the search path used by the kernel when loading modules using the kldload utility or the kldload syscall. You can also use sysctl command (the sysctl utility retrieves kernel state). Try any one of the following command as a root user: 1) To get PATH (or directories name) type [...]

To enable Spamassassin on your server, you need to first need to install it.  Once installed a few minor changes are needed in your /etc/exim.conf file. 1) Install spamd and spamc: cd /usr/local/directadmin/scripts ./spam.sh If you get errors building spamd relating to missing perl modules, try using cpan to install them: export PERL_EXTUTILS_AUTOINSTALL=”–defaultdeps” cpan -i [...]

By default when you use FreeBSD’s BASH shell and if you hit Home, Del, Insert keys all of them just prints ~ (some garbage is printed ). To get rid of this problem, edit /etc/profile file and define key binding. 1) Open your bash global profile file: # vi /etc/profile 2) Add following line to [...]

This instruction describes how to use nginx as reverse proxy for apache, also I’ll show some tips how use nginx for heavy loaded sites. Majority of my servers are freebsd boxes, so this howto oriented on freebsd, but I’ll show some tips for linux too. Nginx is a free, open-source, high-performance HTTP server and reverse [...]

The chflags utility modifies the file flags of the listed files as specified by the flags operand. FreeBSD offers write protection, you need to to set special bit call immutable. Once this bit is setup no one can delete or modify file including root. And only root can clear the File immutable bit. You must [...]

1. Check if your module exists or not in /boot/defaults/loader.conf file 2. If it exists then open file /boot/loader.conf and add entry in it. Do not add or modify /boot/defaults/loader.conf file. If entry does not exist then read step # 4. 3. Reboot system to see to take effect.. For example, we want to load [...]